摘要 :
The association between alcohol use and domestic violence has been well established by past research, and there is growing evidence that drug use is associated with domestic violence. The clearest evidence is that alcohol is a ris...
展开
The association between alcohol use and domestic violence has been well established by past research, and there is growing evidence that drug use is associated with domestic violence. The clearest evidence is that alcohol is a risk factor for domestic violence offending. Although the etiology is complex, males who assault their intimate partners have frequently been drinking prior to the violence, and these men often have alcohol problems. There is also some evidence that alcohol and drug use are implicated in domestic violence victimization, although the nature of this relationship is multidimensional and may be more complex than the substance use-domestic violence offending relationship. Substance use/abuse by women can increase the risk of being victimized by ones domestic partner, be an aftereffect of domestic violence victimization, and inhibit the capacity of domestic violence victims to protect themselves. In short, alcohol use and drug use are implicated in domestic violence in a variety of ways. Past research has paid much less attention to the relationship of substance use to domestic violence victimization than to the effects of substance use on domestic violence offending. We focus on both offending and victimization in this report.
收起
摘要 :
It is well established that substance abuse and domestic violence are linked with each other for male batterers, and there is evidence of a domestic violence-substance abuse relationship for victims as well. Substance abuse and do...
展开
It is well established that substance abuse and domestic violence are linked with each other for male batterers, and there is evidence of a domestic violence-substance abuse relationship for victims as well. Substance abuse and domestic violence services are not typically linked with each other by programs, or if such service linkage does exist, it tends to be ad hoc and poorly developed. For the current study, computer-assisted telephone interview surveys were conducted of national samples of programs offering domestic violence and substance abuse services to identify how often and in what ways these two program types provide the complementary service. Domestic violence and substance abuse program directors recognized that many of their clients had the complementary problem, and high percentages of the two program types screened for the complementary problem. One-quarter of domestic violence program directors reported providing substance abuse services to their clients, and 54% of substance abuse program directors reported that they provide domestic violence services. Domestic violence program directors had less favorable attitudes than substance abuse program directors toward providing complementary services. Substance abuse program directors also were more likely than domestic violence program directors to think that substance abuse is implicated in domestic violence, and they were more optimistic that substance abuse treatment can reduce future domestic violence among treated offenders. Logistic regression analyses were conducted of the relationships between a variety of program and director characteristics and attitudes and complementary service linkage. Many of the relationships were inconsistent and difficult to interpret. Program directors who estimated that the complementary problem was more prevalent among their clients were more likely to direct programs that provide complementary services. A number of the factors expected to distinguish programs that did and did not provide complementary services, however, were unrelated to linkage or were related in unexpected ways to linkage. The report also identifies some implications of the study and recommends that a demonstration evaluation of complementary services fior victims of domestic violence be developed and implemented.
收起
摘要 :
This report presents the first release of 1992-93 estimates of violence against211 women resulting from the new NCVS methodology. To illustrate how patterns of 211 victimization differ by the sex of the victim, the first section o...
展开
This report presents the first release of 1992-93 estimates of violence against211 women resulting from the new NCVS methodology. To illustrate how patterns of 211 victimization differ by the sex of the victim, the first section of the report 211 provides rates of violence for both women and men. Later sections contain more 211 detailed information about the specific types and contextual characteristics of 211 violence against women and the types of offenders most likely to victimize women.
收起
摘要 :
Male DNA-containing samples collected from sexual assault or homicide victims can contain very low levels of cellular male DNA admixed with a large number of female epithelial cells. This often results in failure to obtain an auto...
展开
Male DNA-containing samples collected from sexual assault or homicide victims can contain very low levels of cellular male DNA admixed with a large number of female epithelial cells. This often results in failure to obtain an autosomal STR profile from the male DNA donor. Y-STR analysis can been used to overcome this problem. However there are still many instances where such an approach does not work. This is particularly so when the sample is collected many days after the incident, usually as a result of delayed reporting by a rape victim or when there is a significant time interval between death and recovery of a rape/homicide victims body or when the samples manifest some degree of degradation. Recent technological advances in the area of DNA profiling offer the opportunity to improve the number of samples that can be successfully analyzed. Therefore it may be possible to develop strategies to overcome the problems associated with low levels of male DNA in a background of female DNA. We have developed such a method using a selective amplification of loci in Y-chromosomal genomic DNA prior to Y-STR analysis. This genomic partitioning is an effective strategy to further increase the signal to noise ratio of the Y-chromosomal DNA compared with the epithelial DNA and hence allow clear and unambiguous male profiles to be obtained. Additionally, such an approach could also be used to improve the analysis of touch or contact DNA samples, which often contain small amounts of male DNA.
收起
摘要 :
It is now well known that the most distinctive aspect of women's victimization experiences is its relational nature. Females report that over three-quarters (78%) of those who violently victimize them are known to them but males r...
展开
It is now well known that the most distinctive aspect of women's victimization experiences is its relational nature. Females report that over three-quarters (78%) of those who violently victimize them are known to them but males report that they are almost as likely to be victimized by someone known to them (51%) as they are by a stranger (49%). This relational feature of female victimization has contributed to a scholarly preoccupation with distinct forms of violence (partner abuse) or distinct violent incidents (sexual assault) and, as interesting and as important as this research has been, it has left us with relatively little understanding of the patterns of victimization experiences over time and across relationships. Identifying distinct typologies of violent victimization among women, as well as the risk factors for such victimization and its emotional and physical consequences, is critical both to the development of theories of victimization and to the criminal justice practitioners who design services to maximize women's safety.
收起
摘要 :
In 2009, U.S. residents age 12 or older experienced an estimated 20 million violent and property victimizations, according to the National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS). These criminal victimizations included an estimated 4.3 ...
展开
In 2009, U.S. residents age 12 or older experienced an estimated 20 million violent and property victimizations, according to the National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS). These criminal victimizations included an estimated 4.3 million violent crimes, 15.6 million property crimes, and 133,000 personal thefts. Rates of violent and property crime in 2009 were at the lowest overall levels recorded since the surveys inception in 1972.
收起
摘要 :
Violent and property crime rates in 2008 were at or near their lowest levels in over three decades, according to findings from the National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS). The violent crime rate in 2008 - 19.3 victimizations pe...
展开
Violent and property crime rates in 2008 were at or near their lowest levels in over three decades, according to findings from the National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS). The violent crime rate in 2008 - 19.3 victimizations per 1,000 persons age 12 or over - was statistically unchanged from the previous years estimate of 20.7 per 1,000 persons. The property crime rate of 135 victimizations per 1,000 households was lower than the rate of 147 per 1,000 households in 2007.
收起
摘要 :
This research, which was conducted in two phases, explored the effects of intimate partner violence (IPV) on the workplace. In Phase One, we examined the prevalence of IPV among employed individuals, how IPV affects the personal a...
展开
This research, which was conducted in two phases, explored the effects of intimate partner violence (IPV) on the workplace. In Phase One, we examined the prevalence of IPV among employed individuals, how IPV affects the personal and professional well-being of employees, and its costs for employers. In a study of over 2,400 employed men and women in three companies (in the education, health-services, and transportation industries) who worked in 39 states, we found significant effects of IPV on employees and employers. Specifically, we found that over ten percent of male and female employees reported experiencing IPV in the past twelve months, and that an additional 19 percent of men and 30 percent of women had experienced IPV in their lifetimes. We found that over 18 percent of currently-victimized employees reported experiencing some form of IPV on work premises. Our results suggested negative effects of IPV on current victims levels of depression, self-esteem, economic self-sufficiency, and family-work conflict. Results related to lifetime victims suggested the negative effects of IPV linger over time in terms of depression, self-esteem, and job insecurity. We also found that lifetime IPV victims were more likely to be absent than were non-victims, although current victims did not demonstrate an increased tendency toward absenteeism.
收起
摘要 :
In 2007 U.S. residents experienced an estimated 23 million violent and property victimizations, according to the National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS). Criminal victimizations in 2007 included approximately 5.2 million violen...
展开
In 2007 U.S. residents experienced an estimated 23 million violent and property victimizations, according to the National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS). Criminal victimizations in 2007 included approximately 5.2 million violent crimes and 17.5 million property crimes. The rates for every major violent and property crime measured by the NCVS in 2007 were at or near the lowest levels recorded since 1973, the first year that such data were available.
收起
摘要 :
Violent and property crime rates in urban and suburban areas of the United States remained stable between 2005 and 2006, according to findings from the National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS). Due to changes in survey methodolo...
展开
Violent and property crime rates in urban and suburban areas of the United States remained stable between 2005 and 2006, according to findings from the National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS). Due to changes in survey methodology in 2006 that mainly affected rural areas, national-level estimates were not comparable to estimates based on NCVS data from previous years. Continuity between urban and suburban areas in the sample for both years enabled year-to-year comparisons for these areas.
收起
